Exploring the functional and therapeutic potentials of cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

Abstract Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) are a high source of bioactive substances, which are essential components of a healthy diet. Cranberries are composed of nutritious compounds such as mineral elements, vitamins, as well as phytochemicals with biological properties beneficial to human health. In this review, cranberries and their nutritional and functional substances such as phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, flavonoids and A-type proanthocyanidins, etc. are presented. Cranberry’s bioactive compounds, that have been shown to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiadhesion, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral characteristics, with numerous associated health benefits are examined. Finally, cranberry’s roles in the inhibition and mitigation of numerous diseases are presented. The findings indicate that cranberry bioactivity differs from other types of berry fruits in the fact that it contains more A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) than B-type PACs often found in most other fruits. Potential modes of action of cranberry bioactive compounds have been emphasized. Human research on the health benefits of cranberry products which has focused on its potential of reducing the recurrence of infections is presented to provide supportive evidence in promoting its emerging application and importance within a functional diet.