Effects of Mitsuokella multacida AGMB01124 on inflammation and gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis

The gut harbors diverse commensal microorganisms that play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Gut dysbiosis is closely associated with inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Next-generation probiotics (NGPs) are considered promising strategies for alleviating intestinal inflammation associated with gut dysbiosis. Recently, Mitsuokella multacida has been associated with maintaining intestinal homeostasis, indicating a need for further research into the functional effects of this bacterium in inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of M. multacida AGMB01124 in a mouse model of colitis induced by 4% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Administration of M. multacida AGMB01124 was associated with improvements in several DSS-induced colitis parameters, as indicated by reduced disease activity index scores, decreased intestinal permeability, lower IFN-γ levels, and partial improvement in duodenal morphology. Microbiome analysis revealed altered gut microbiota composition, characterized by increased Akkermansia and Blautia and decreased Escherichia-Shigella. In addition, β-diversity analysis indicated shifts in microbial community structure under DSS-induced conditions. However, administration of AGMB01124 did not restore the DSS-induced reduction in microbial richness, nor did it significantly increase fecal short-chain fatty acid levels compared with the DSS group. These findings indicate that AGMB01124 was associated with improvements in several colitis-related parameters and changes in gut microbial composition, while the extent of its efficacy and its underlying mechanisms require further investigation.