Cultivar dependent responses of olive (Olea europaea L.) to foliar fertilization in fruit quality and mineral composition of leaves and fruits

Abstract This study examined cultivar-dependent responses to foliar fertilization in olive (Olea europaea L.) by jointly evaluating fruit morphology and skin colour, biochemical quality indicators, and mineral nutrient composition in leaves and fruits. Five cultivars (Arbequina, Frantoio, Ayvalık, Gemlik, and Edincik Su) were tested under five foliar treatments (Control, Bestline, Dermin, UAN-32, and Forceful Amino) in a factorial design. Cultivar, treatment, and their interaction significantly affected fruit size, colour parameters, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), and the accumulation of multiple mineral elements (p