Using Islamic Mindfulness-Based Interventions as a Compass for Improving Muslim Mental Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: Muslim communities in North America face significant mental health challenges that are exacerbated by Islamophobia, social isolation, and spiritual incongruence. Spiritually adapted mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) tailored to Islamic principles have emerged as promising approaches. This scoping review explores how Islamic mindfulness practices are defined and implemented to enhance Muslim mental health outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review guidelines, searching seven databases from May 2024 to June 2025. The final analysis included 53 studies after a rigorous screening process. RESULTS: The literature has expanded substantially in recent years, emphasizing Islamic practices such as dhikr, salah, Qur'anic recitation, and muraqabah as central components of mindfulness interventions. Integrating Islamic values into existing MBIs (e.g., mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) shows enhanced cultural relevance and therapeutic engagement. Emerging neurophysiological evidence demonstrates effectiveness, including cortisol and dopamine regulation. Standardized, manualized approaches suitable for diverse Muslim populations, however, remain absent. CONCLUSIONS: Islamic mindfulness interventions offer substantial potential for improving mental health among Muslims. Future research should prioritize developing standardized, culturally responsive MBIs tailored to diverse Muslim communities.