Relative survival of large cell to small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

This retrospective study compared clinico-pathological characteristics and survival of large cell to small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the uterine cervix identified in the Commission-on-Cancer's National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2022 (n = 2051). Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, reported in 16.3%, was more likely to be T1 classification (37.1% vs 29.5%) and have smaller cervical tumor (median size, 47 and 59 mm) but less likely to be T3 classification (15.6% vs 22.4%) and N1 classification (36.8% vs 45.1%) than small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (all, p < .05). In propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma had overall survival comparable to small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (5-year rates, 33.8% vs 30.9%, hazard ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 1.20). This survival association was consistent across stage I, II, III, and IV diseases. In the secondary cohort of the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, cause-specific survival from cervical cancer was similar between large cell and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (5-year rates, 36.1% vs 39.1%, hazard ratio 1.25, 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.76). In conclusion, these data suggest that large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma represents less than 20% of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the uterine cervix, and although tumor characteristics appear to be less aggressive, oncologic outcomes are dismal and similar to small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.