THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT OPERATING MODES OF TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINES IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

The article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of energy-efficient operating modes of technological machines of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of the need to increase productivity, reduce specific energy costs and ensure the stability of technological processes. The relevance of the study is due to the increase in the cost of energy resources, the need to reduce operating costs and increase the resource efficiency of machines and equipment. A significant part of technological machines is operated in nominal modes, which do not always correspond to the actual load, properties of raw materials and conditions of the operation, which causes excessive energy costs. A theoretical and methodological approach to determining energy-efficient modes of operation of technological machines has been formed based on establishing the relationship between structural, kinematic, power, technological and energy parameters. A technological machine is considered as an energy-technological system in which the drive, working bodies, processed material and the external environment interact. The main components of the energy balance have been determined and a system of interrelated parameters has been proposed, including productivity, rotation frequency, torque, drive power, efficiency and specific energy consumption. The use of specific energy consumption as one of the main criteria for the efficiency of a technological machine is theoretically justified. It is established that the dependence of energy consumption on productivity and operating parameters is nonlinear and is characterized by the region of rational modes. Under insufficient load, the proportion of idle losses increases, while excessive load causes an increase in power resistance, mechanical losses and energy consumption. The proposed approach creates a theoretical basis for determining the optimal operating modes of technological machines and further development of adaptive control systems.