HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT ASI, WAKTU MPASI, DAN ASUPAN MAKRONUTRIEN DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN ANAK DI KASIHAN

ABSTRACT Child growth is an important indicator of health status and is influenced by feeding history and adequate nutrient intake. This study aimed to analyze the associations of breastfeeding history, timing of complementary feeding (MPASI), and carbohydrate and protein intake with the growth status of children aged 4–6 years at two ABA kindergartens in Kasihan District. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach and retrospective assessment of breastfeeding and complementary feeding history. A total of 66 children were included as research subjects. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding histories were obtained using questionnaires, carbohydrate and protein intake were assessed using food records, and growth status was determined through anthropometric measurements, including height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ). The statistical analysis showed no significant associations between breastfeeding history, timing of complementary feeding, and carbohydrate intake and the growth indicators assessed (p>0.05). Similarly, the association between protein intake and height-for-age was not statistically significant based on Fisher’s exact test (p=0.106). Descriptively, most children had a history of exclusive breastfeeding (86.4%), received complementary feeding at the appropriate age (90.9%), had adequate carbohydrate intake (90.9%), and had adequate protein intake (98.5%). Most children also had normal or good growth status based on the anthropometric indicators assessed. In conclusion, breastfeeding history, timing of complementary feeding, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake were not significantly associated with the growth status of children aged 4–6 years in the study population. ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan anak merupakan salah satu indikator penting status kesehatan dan dipengaruhi oleh riwayat pemberian makan serta kecukupan asupan zat gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan riwayat pemberian air susu ibu (ASI), waktu pemberian makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI), serta asupan karbohidrat dan protein dengan status pertumbuhan anak usia 4–6 tahun di dua TK ABA Kecamatan Kasihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional dan penilaian retrospektif terhadap riwayat pemberian ASI dan MPASI. Sebanyak 66 anak diikutsertakan sebagai subjek penelitian. Riwayat ASI dan MPASI diperoleh melalui kuesioner, asupan karbohidrat dan protein dinilai menggunakan food record, sedangkan status pertumbuhan ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran antropometri meliputi tinggi badan menurut usia (TB/U), berat badan menurut usia (BB/U), dan berat badan menurut tinggi badan (BB/TB). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat ASI, waktu pemberian MPASI, dan asupan karbohidrat dengan indikator status pertumbuhan yang diteliti (p>0,05). Demikian pula, hubungan antara asupan protein dan TB/U tidak menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna berdasarkan Fisher’s exact test (p=0,106). Secara deskriptif, sebagian besar anak memiliki riwayat ASI eksklusif (86,4%), menerima MPASI sesuai usia (90,9%), memiliki asupan karbohidrat baik (90,9%), dan asupan protein baik (98,5%), dengan sebagian besar indikator pertumbuhan berada dalam kategori normal atau baik. Dengan demikian, riwayat pemberian ASI dan MPASI serta asupan karbohidrat dan protein tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan status pertumbuhan anak usia 4–6 tahun pada populasi penelitian.