Energy Efficiency Measures vs. Biofuels - Implications for Vessel Operational Performance

The purpose of this study is to determine the relative importance of energy saving measures (ESMs) and alternative biofuels for the improvement of ship efficiency and for compliance with new regulations imposed on the maritime transport sector. In light of the fact that ESMs have proven that they are capable of providing a significant fuel saving potential by enhancing the hull condition, propulsion, and internal combustion efficiency as well as through operational optimization, the aim of this study is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of ESMs compared to biofuels. To this end, a mixed methodological approach was applied, based on the structured analysis of scientific literature, and complemented by semi-structured interviews with maritime engineers, fleet managers, fuel specialists and regulatory experts. The findings show that ESMs provide on average a proven and reliable energy and emissions saving potential, although the degree of this saving potential varies from one measure to another, depending on their complexity, cost and degree of integration. Each of the biofuels examined presents different operational characteristics, as one has a high regulatory value, although it is relatively unstable in deep sea conditions, while the other presents good storage characteristics and engine performance but with limited market availability and high price. Finally, ESMs seem to be the most effective solutions for the improvement of ship efficiency, while the alternative biofuels examined could be considered as part of the compliance strategy of shipowners in cases where their operational characteristics are taken into account.