Analisis Studi Kasus Gagal Bayar Pinjaman pada Bank BUMN: Penyebab, Dampak, dan Strategi Penanganan Kredit Bermasalah

Credit distribution is one of the main activities of banking institutions and plays an important role in supporting community economic activities. However, lending also involves risks, particularly the inability of debtors to fulfill their payment obligations according to the credit agreement. This study aims to analyze the causes of payment default, the impacts of problematic credit, and the settlement efforts that can be applied in a case involving a state-owned bank. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study and literature review approach. The case analyzed concerns problems related to People's Business Credit (KUR) at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. in Metro, Lampung, involving customers who experienced payment difficulties due to business conditions and subsequently faced collateral auction proceedings. The results show that payment default is not solely related to the debtor's financial inability but is also influenced by business conditions, repayment capacity, restructuring processes, communication between the bank and debtor, and the implementation of prudential banking principles. Problematic credit can be addressed through collection, monitoring, restructuring for debtors who still have business prospects and good faith, and collateral settlement when rescue efforts are unsuccessful. Therefore, banks need to strengthen credit analysis, debtor monitoring, early warning systems, and communication in handling problematic loans.