Personalised Approach in Oncology to Improve the Efficiency of Patient Diagnosis and Treatment.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the main directions and recent advancements in personalised approaches to cancer diagnosis and treatment, based on a comprehensive analysis of current clinical and technological practices.MethodsThe study employed a systematic literature review of 62 peer-reviewed publications from 2019-2025 across major scientific databases, using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsAccording to the analysis, the most promising diagnostic tools in personalised oncology are liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing, and omics technologies like proteomics and metabolomics. These tools allow for molecular characterisation, early detection, and dynamic monitoring of tumour progression and response to treatment. Targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and genomic approaches showed the most promise for personalised cancer treatment among therapeutic approaches, especially when aided by pharmacogenomics and molecular profiling. It was discovered that combining artificial intelligence with imaging modalities improves outcome prediction, treatment planning, and diagnostic accuracy. The results highlight how crucial it is to integrate therapeutic and diagnostic advancements to enhance clinical judgement, patient outcomes, and the overall effectiveness of oncology healthcare.ConclusionAccording to the study's findings, applying individualised therapeutic approaches in combination with genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and imaging technologies greatly improves the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of cancer diagnosis and treatment.