Infection Complications in Pediatric Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: A Chinese Single-Center Study.

BackgroundInfection is a common complication following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT), yet comprehensive data on pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) in China are scarce. This study aimed to characterize infection profiles and their prognostic implications in this population.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 165 IEIs patients undergoing UCBT between January 2015 and June 2020. The post-transplantation period was divided into early (≤ 30 days) and middle (31-100 days) stages.ResultsWithin 100 days, 115 patients (69.7%) experienced 217 infection episodes. Engraftment failure was an independent predictor of infection risk within 100 days (OR = 2.97, p = 0.04). Low pre-transplantation IgM levels and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) increased early-stage infection risks (p