Impact of an oral amino acid-containing formulation on clinical and functional outcomes in patients with and without heart failure undergoing cardiac rehabilitation program: a pilot study.

ObjectivesSkeletal muscle dysfunction and malnutrition are common in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly those with heart failure (HF), and may reduce the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Amino acid supplementation may enhance exercise-induced adaptations, but evidence during CR remains limited.MethodsWe conducted a pilot study including 25 patients with CVD, of whom 13 (52 %) had HF, undergoing a 3-month CR program with oral amino acid-containing nutritional formulation. Clinical and nutritional status, quality of life, psychological well-being, physical performance, exercise capacity, laboratory findings, and echocardiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and after 3 months.ResultsSignificant improvements were observed in NYHA class, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Short Physical Performance Battery (all p