The importance of mountainous areas in the development of socio-economic processes

Although machinery and technology occupy an important place in the modern economy, natural resources have remained the primary resource base for centuries. Mountain ecosystems and biodiversity are considered strategic resources that play a crucial role in shaping both the social and economic environment. Mountains and foothill regions are not merely geographical spaces; they also shape rural settlements and agricultural systems, clean natural environments, water resources and eco- agro-recreational tourism opportunities. Biodiversity underpins sustainable development in both the economic and the social sphere: it supports diverse farm types in rural areas, high-quality and environmentally friendly products, ecosystem services and recreational health provision. This article analyses the efficient use of mountainous areas and the theoretical and practical impacts of biodiversity on socio-economic processes while also examining international experience in this field. The research demonstrates that the protection of biodiversity in mountainous regions, the exploration of alternative approaches, and the identification of efficient directions for utilizing mountain resource potential are among the main prerequisites for sustainable development and long-term economic growth, leading to increased interest in this sector.