Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bostrycidae)

Abstract The lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) is a globally distributed pest that causes significant post-harvest losses through its rapid reproduction, kernel-boring behavior, and high resistance to phosphine. It is recognized as a major stored-grain pest in China due to its severe damage on grain reserves and economic losses. While a reference genome exists for R. dominica, this study presents a chromosome-level genome assembly of invasive Chinese populations using a combination of Illumina, PacBio HiFi, and Hi-C sequencing data. The genome spans 490.55 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 56.70 Mb, and is anchored to 9 pseudo-chromosomes. BUSCO analysis revealed 99.3% completeness of the genome assembly. Repetitive sequences constituted 57.71% of the genome, with a total length of 283.09 Mb. Out of 12,958 predicted genes, 12,096 were functionally annotated with at least one supporting evidence. This comprehensive genomic resource offers valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms that could inform stored grain pest management strategies.